As Phoenix grapples with the uncertainties of soaring temperatures, passengers flying into and out of Sky Harbor Airport are experiencing the direct effects on air travel. According to an ABC15 report, the extreme heat in Phoenix leads to reduced air density, which can cause longer takeoff lengths and increased turbulence, particularly in the summertime. Cary Grant, an assistant professor at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University and a retired commercial airline pilot, noted that this phenomenon causes noticeable bumps "through about 13,000 feet" due to the air currents coming off the desert floor.
Grant advised that pilots and airports must closely consider factors such as tarmac length, airplane weight, and manufacturer data before deciding to take off in extreme heat conditions. He explained that on some days, "It might be too hot for the runway that is available for takeoff, and they might be weight-limited on what they can take." Consequently, delays can occur, waiting for either conditions to improve or a reduction of the airplane's weight. Flying early in the morning or late at night is recommended by Grant to reduce the chances of turbulence during scorching days.
Historically, temperatures as high as 122°F have led to temporary halts in incoming flights to Phoenix Sky Harbor, with the all-time record heat occurring on June 26, 1990. As reported by Arizona's Family, although officials claimed many planes have been updated to withstand takeoffs in temperatures up to 122°F, the reality remains that hotter air, which is less dense, poses a challenge in gaining lift for aircraft. This can sometimes necessitate a longer runway.
Another concern in the wave of extreme heat is the airplane’s cooling system keeping up. Long periods on the ground in extreme temperatures can strain the systems, with aircraft's air conditioning struggling in a losing battle to maintain cool cabin temperatures. To assist the overworked AC systems, flight crews at Sky Harbor often remind passengers to close window shades before takeoff or upon landing, which helps to keep the aircraft cooler.
